Education and Cultural Institutions  

Communications

In 1999 there were 119 daily newspapers being published in California. The first newspaper established in California was the Californian, which began operation in Monterey in 1846. The Chico Enterprise-Record, founded in 1853, is the oldest continuously published newspaper in the state. The state's largest newspaper is the Los Angeles Times, with an average daily circulation of 1.1 million. Other influential dailies include the Orange County Register, in Santa Ana; the San Diego Union-Tribune; the Sacramento Bee; the Chronicle and the Examiner in San Francisco; the San Jose Mercury News; and the Oakland Tribune. California is also an important book-publishing center.

The first commercial radio station in California, KQL in Los Angeles, began broadcasting in 1921. KTLA, the first television station in the state, began operation in 1947 in Los Angeles. Some 206 AM and 322 FM radio stations and 88 television stations served the state in 1999.